VESICO-URETERIC REFLUX: REPLY

Vesico - ureteric reflux

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the retrograde flow of urine from the bladder into the ureter. A normally functioning ureteral vesical junction (UVJ) allows for the smooth expulsion of urine from the ureter into the bladder without regurgitation of urine back up the ureter, either during bladder filling or upon voiding, If this valvular mechanism fails, from whatever etiology, urine flowing back...

Vesico-ureteric reflux.

Vesico-ureteric reflux and reflux nephropathy.

The genetics of primary vesico-ureteric reflux.

INTRODUCTION Vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR), reflux of urine from the bladder into the ureter and towards the kidney, is an important cause of end-stage renal failure in both children and adults. Primary VUR is considered to be a result of a disruption of the normal anti-reflux mechanism of the ureterovesical junction (UVJ). VUR is common, occurring in approximately 1% to 2% of newborns in Caucas...

Treatment of vesico-ureteric reflux in children.

Approximately 35% of children with urinary infection have vesico-ureteric reflux (McGovern, Marshall, and Paquin, 1960; Ericsson, 1960). It is not known whether infection causes the reflux by damaging the uretero-vesical valvular mechanism, or whether a congenital abnormality permits reflux which predisposes to infection. Yet whatever the aetiology, it seems logical to assume that when infectio...